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Exam 21: Origin of Modern Astronomy

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Question 1

True/False

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Using the telescope, Galileo discovered that the planet Mars had polar ice caps not unlike those on Earth.

A) True
B) False

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Question 2

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Which of these men formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation?

A) Sir Isaac Newton
B) Galileo
C) Tycho Brahe
D) Nicolaus Copernicus
E) Johannes Kepler

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Question 3

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The Law of Universal Gravitation was formulated by ________.

Tycho Brahe used a telescope to accurately record the position of the planet Mars.

The first successful attempt to establish the size of Earth is credited to ________.

When Earth is closest to the Sun, its location is referred to as the ________ position.

Patterns or configurations of stars named in honor of mythological characters are called ________.

Use Figure 21.26 below to help explain the difference between the sidereal and synodic month.

The time required for the Moon to revolve around Earth is called the ________ month.

Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.

The angular distance north and south of the celestial equator is called right ascension.

The days of the week are named after the five planets visible to the unaided eye, the Sun, and Moon.

The angular distance north or south of the celestial equator is called ________.

This scientist determined the nature of the forces that kept the planets in their orbits.

A very slow motion of Earth's axis that requires 26,000 years to complete is called ________.

Any variance in the orbit of a planet from its predicted path is referred to as ________.

The period of the Moon's rotation is equal to its period of revolution.

The Earth-centered system of the universe that was accepted for nearly seventeen centuries was presented in a treatise called the Almagest that was written by ________.

Compare and contrast the Ptolemaic System with the Copernican System. Are there any similarities? What are the key differences? How did the prevailing ideas or perspectives of society affect each of these explanations?

The average distance from Earth to the Sun is called the ________ unit.