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Free entry eliminates long-run profits for firms in competitive and monopolistic industries.

A) True
B) False

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Firms that sell highly differentiated consumer goods,such as soft drinks,breakfast cereals,and dog food,typically spend what percent of their revenues on advertising?


A) 0-1
B) 2-4
C) 10-20
D) over 50

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Firms that spend the greatest percentage of their revenue on advertising tend to be firms that sell


A) industrial products.
B) homogeneous products.
C) consumer goods for which there are no close substitutes.
D) highly-differentiated consumer goods.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Figure 16-8 The figure is drawn for a monopolistically-competitive firm. Figure 16-8 The figure is drawn for a monopolistically-competitive firm.    -Refer to Figure 16-8.In order to maximize its profit,the firm will choose to produce A)  100 units of output, and its profit will be positive. B)  100 units of output, and its profit will be zero. C)  133.33 units of output, and its profit will be negative. D)  133.33 units of output, and its profit will be zero. -Refer to Figure 16-8.In order to maximize its profit,the firm will choose to produce


A) 100 units of output, and its profit will be positive.
B) 100 units of output, and its profit will be zero.
C) 133.33 units of output, and its profit will be negative.
D) 133.33 units of output, and its profit will be zero.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Discuss how brand names may enhance the efficiency of markets in a less developed country.

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Recognizable brand names signal quality ...

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Table 16-4 This table shows the demand schedule, marginal cost, and average total cost for a monopolistically competitive firm. Table 16-4 This table shows the demand schedule, marginal cost, and average total cost for a monopolistically competitive firm.    -Refer to Table 16-4.What is this firm's profit maximizing level of output? A)  0 units of output B)  1 unit of output C)  2 units of output D)  3 units of output -Refer to Table 16-4.What is this firm's profit maximizing level of output?


A) 0 units of output
B) 1 unit of output
C) 2 units of output
D) 3 units of output

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Advertisements that appear to convey no information at all


A) are usually associated with "infomercials."
B) are useless to consumers but valuable to firms.
C) are useless to firms but valuable to consumers for their entertainment quality alone.
D) may convey information to consumers by providing them with a signal that firms are willing to spend significant amounts of money to advertise.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Figure 16-5 Figure 16-5    -Refer to Figure 16-5.Which of the graphs depicts a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium? A)  panel a B)  panel b C)  panel c D)  None of the above is correct. -Refer to Figure 16-5.Which of the graphs depicts a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium?


A) panel a
B) panel b
C) panel c
D) None of the above is correct.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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If firms in a particular market similar or sell identical products,then the market is (i) perfectly competitive. (ii) monopolistically competitive. (iii) an oligopoly.


A) (i) or (ii) only
B) (ii) or (iii) only
C) (i) or (iii) only
D) (i) only

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Figure 16-7 The lines in the figures below illustrate the potential effect of entry and exit in a monopolistically competitive market on either the demand curve or the marginal cost curve of existing firms. Figure 16-7 The lines in the figures below illustrate the potential effect of entry and exit in a monopolistically competitive market on either the demand curve or the marginal cost curve of existing firms.    -Refer to Figure 16-7.Panel (d) illustrates the change that would occur if existing firms faced A)  long-run economic losses. B)  a decrease in the diversity of products offered in the market. C)  new entrants in the market. D)  firms exiting the market. -Refer to Figure 16-7.Panel (d) illustrates the change that would occur if existing firms faced


A) long-run economic losses.
B) a decrease in the diversity of products offered in the market.
C) new entrants in the market.
D) firms exiting the market.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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In the short run,a firm operating in a monopolistically competitive market can earn


A) positive economic profits.
B) economic losses.
C) zero economic profits.
D) All of the above are possible.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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If advertising reduces a consumer's price sensitivity between identical goods,it is likely to


A) increase the elasticity of demand for differentiated products.
B) enhance competition and encourage more product diversity.
C) reduce competition and reduce social welfare.
D) encourage the consumption of all homogenous goods.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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One thing that both critics of advertising and defenders of advertising agree on is that advertising fosters competition.

A) True
B) False

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Consider monopoly,monopolistic competition,and perfect competition.In which of these three market structures does a profit-maximizing firm experience zero economic profit?


A) perfect competition only
B) perfect competition and monopolistic competition only
C) perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and monopoly
D) The answer cannot be determined without knowing whether the market is in the long run or short run.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Edward Chamberlin argued that brand names


A) hampered market efficiency.
B) were instrumental in enhancing market efficiency.
C) were useful in enhancing market efficiency when the government enforced the use of exclusive trademarks.
D) were likely to be more socially efficient when used in conjunction with advertising.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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In Lee Benham's 1972 article examining the impact of advertising on the average price paid for a pair of eyeglasses,Benham found that


A) the average price paid for eyeglasses was nearly 20% higher in the states that did not restrict advertising.
B) the average price paid for eyeglasses was nearly 20% lower in the states that did not restrict advertising.
C) there was no difference in the average price paid between states that restricted advertising and those that did not.
D) the average price paid for eyeglasses was almost 5 times higher in the states that did not restrict advertising.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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A monopolistically competitive firm


A) charges a price that is equal to marginal cost.
B) experiences a zero profit in the long run.
C) produces at the efficient scale in the long run.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A firm can signal the high quality of its product by


A) spending nothing on advertising to convey that the product is so good that the firm does not even need to advertise.
B) spending a large amount of money on advertising.
C) getting a patent for the product.
D) not worrying about getting a patent for the product.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Among the following situations,which one is least likely to apply to a monopolistically competitive firm?


A) profit is positive in the short run
B) total cost exceeds total revenue in the short run
C) profit is positive in the long run
D) total revenue equals total cost in the long run

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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One way in which monopolistic competition differs from oligopoly is that


A) there are no barriers to entry in oligopolies.
B) in oligopoly markets there are only a few sellers.
C) all firms in an oligopoly eventually earn zero economic profits.
D) strategic interactions between firms are rare in oligopolies.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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